:: crayfish ::

Crayfish, also called crawfish or crawdad, are closely related to the lobster. More than half of the more than 500 species occur in North America, particularly Kentucky (Mammoth Cave) and Louisiana in the Mississippi basin. Crayfish also live in Europe, New Zealand, East Asia and throughout the world, including the Tristan da Cunha Islands. Nearly all live in freshwater, although a few survive in salt water. Crayfish are characterised by a joined head and thorax, or midsection, and a segmented body, which is sandy yellow, green, or dark brown in colour. The head has a sharp snout, and the eyes are on movable stalks. Crayfish are usually about 7.5 cm (3 inches) long.

In the open circulatory system blood flows from the heart through the arteries and returns into open sinuses. The digestive system has a stomach for grinding food and a gland for chemical processing. The antennal gland is the main excretory organ.

characteristics of crab and frog

CRABS Crabs have one set of claws and four other pairs of legs. If a predator grabs a leg of a crab, the crab will shed it and later it will grow back. Lined Shore crabs dance sideways down to the sea. They scrape small plants off rocks with the tiny cups on their pincers. The Lined Shore crab hides in the cracks of rocks. Hermit crabs make their homes in empty snail shells. The hermit crab's back legs hold its shell on tight. The borrowed shells protect their soft bodies. As a hermit crab grows, it needs a bigger shell. Some hermit crabs will try and steal another's shell. They are scavengers who look for dead plants and animals that have fallen to the bottom of the tide pool. The male crab shoots sperm into two hollows between the females back legs. That will make it possible for the female to lay eggs. When the eggs hatch, they are called zoea larva. The zoea larva feed in the ocean by trapping its food in its bristles. After a while the zoea larva change shape and are called megalopa larva. When the megalopa gets too heavy, it sinks to the bottom of the sea and starts to live as a crab. As the baby crab starts growing, it has to hide because its shell is soft. As it grows, its shell gets harder. Then when the crab gets too big for its shell, the shell cracks and falls off. This is called molting.

Diet Some crabs are scavengers and eat dead animals. Some eat plankton. Some young crabs eat worms. Larger crabs eat shrimp and other shellfish. Size From 1 centimeter to nearly 2 meters Color Lined Shore crab - reddish-purple Kelp crab- brown on top, reddish below Purple Shore crab - dark purple with purple spots on claws Hermit crab - gray-green Lumpy crab - red-brown Rock crab - light purplish-red Life Cycle Crab eggs hatch into zoea larva which turn into megalopa larva and then into crabs. Predators fish, birds, octopus, and sea otters Neat Facts A barnacle sometimes gets inside a male crab and takes nourishment from its blood and changes its sex hormones, so the next time it loses its shell it is a female. Types Lined Shore crab, Spider crab, Kelp crab, Lumpy crab, Pea crabs, Fiddler crab, Relatives ghost shrimp (relative of the Hermit crab) FROG Frogs have very good eyesight. They bulge out the sides of their heads in order for the frog to see in nearly all directions. Frogs also have amazing sense of hearing. You can often tell the difference between a male and female frog by the size of their eardrum, which can be seen behind their eyes. If the eardrum is smaller than the eye, the frog is a female. On males their eardrum is the same size as the eye. Frogs have very powerful back legs and webbed feet that help them jump great distances, as well as, swim. Frogs even use their legs to dig, or burrow, underground for hibernating. Certain frogs can jump up to 20 times their own body length in a single leap. Every different species of frog has his or her own look. They come in many colors, patterns and sizes. Frogs have many predators. Animal predators include birds, fish and reptiles.Most rainforest frogs have pads of sticky hairs on their fingers and toes, as well as, loose sticky skin on their bellies, that make them great climbers to escape their predators. Many of these frogs live in high trees for safety.Other frogs are very good at camouflaging themselves so that they blend in with their environment, making it harder for their enemies to find them. A frog can change the colour of its skin depending on its surroundings. FROGS vs. TOADS Many people don’t know the difference between frogs and toads. They are quite different animals, although they belong to the same animal group. Frogs: Need to live near water Have smooth, moist skin that makes them look “slimy”. Have a narrow body Have higher, rounder, bulgier eyes Have longer hind legs Take long high jumps Have many predators Toads: Do not need to live near water to survive Have rough, dry, bumpy skin Have a wider body Have lower, football shaped eyes Have shorter, less powerful hind legs Will run or take small hops rather than jump Do not have many predators. Toad’s skin lets out a bitter taste and smell that burns the eyes and nostrils of its predators, much like a skunk does.

:: DEFORESTATION ::

:: awareness of deforestation ::

* In Nigeria 81% of its original forest cover is now permanently lost.

*The tropical rainforests of Brazil lost 90-95% of their trees over the decade.

*The forests of Central America are down by Two-thirds low lands,since 1950.

*Countries like India,Mexico,Philiphines,China,Indonesia,Sri Lanka,Thailand and the Congo lost 50% of their rainforests.

:: effect of deforestation ::

*Loss of fuel wood,means depriving soil of nutrition , leads to a receding forest.It causes an increase in rainfall , risks of flooding and soil erosion.

*A loss of trees emits a high concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases , which cause green house effect and increase global temperature slowly.

*It also leads to drier atmosphere that increases the risk of forest fires.

*The watershed protection of the forests diminishes , leading to stream erosion ,loss of fisheries and water supply , as well as the loss of reaction.

what do you think the use of technology in reducing and minimizing the problem?

In think,the use of technology in reducing and minimizing the problem is we can use media electronic like make the advertisement about minimizing the deforestation.

In your opinion ,blog is able to stimulate environmental awareness among

community.elaborate.

In my opinion,blog is able to stimulate environmental awareness among community especially the blogger because the blogger always like to share their information on blog because they have many their blog followers.So,base on the topic about awareness of deforestation,they can get or share many ideas about it.

:: martial arts ::

Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat,practiced of a varienty of reasons,including self-defense,competition,physical health and fitness,as well as mental and spiritual development.Some martial arts are considered ''traditional'' and tied to an ethnic,cultural and religious background,while others are modern systems developed either by a founder,or by an asociation.There are many types of martial arts like silat,taekwando and kickboxing.

:: SiLat ::

Silat is a collective word for indigenous martial arts of the Malay Archipelago and Malay Peninsula of Southest Asia.There are many styles of silat like silat pulut,silat cekak and silat gayung.Salutation is one of the things that silat practitioners begin and end each routine and practice season by saluting their teacher,partner or any spectators as a show of respect. The handsign used is dependent on style and lineage.Silat employs a weapon like dagger(keris),machete (parang ),walking stick (tongkat ) and sarong.Movements of silat are often performed as a dance during festivies such as weddings or a royal installation.Types of silat drums is 'gendang ibu' or mother drum and the 'gendang anak' or child drum.The serunai which also comes in long and short variations is

what gives silat music its distinct sound.

:: Taekwando ::

Taekwando is a korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea.Taekwando can be translated as 'the art of the foot and fist' or 'the art of kicking and punching'.There are two branches of taekwando development like 'traditional taekwando' and 'sport taekwando'.Taekwando ranks are typically separated into 'junior' and 'senior' or 'student' and 'instructor'.Taekwando competition typically involves sparring,breaking,patterns,and self-defense.In olympic taekwando competition only using WTF competition rules is contested.The things that are used for taekwando is taekwando clothes,head-guard,arm-guard,body protector,shins guard,groin guard and mouthguards.

:: Kickboxing ::

Kickboxing refers to a group of martial arts and stand up combat sports based on kicking and punching.Kickboxing is often practiced for self-defense,general fitness or as a contact sport.The term kickboxing can be used in a wide and a narrow sense.The narrow use is restricted to the styles that self identify as kickboxing.The wider sense includes all stand up combat sports that allow both punching and kicking.There are three main defensive positions (guard or styles) used in boxing.Within each style,there is considerable variations among fighters,as some fighters may have their guard higher for more head protection while others have their guard lower to provide better protection against body punches.

In conclusion,martial arts are goods for us like self-defense.There are many types of martial arts like silat,taekwando and kickboxing.The martial arts also good for our health and fitness.

celebrations.

FASCHING

Fasching is Germany's carnival season. It starts on the 11th day of November at exactly 11minutes after 11am and ends at the stroke of midnight on Shroud Tuesday - often referred to as Fat Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday). Fasching is more or less a Roman Catholic and Christian Orthodox celebration and most Protestant and non-Christian areas do not celebrate it.

Fasching (also known as Karneval) is a time of festivity and merry making - a time to break the rules, poke fun at those who make them and then to make your own new rules.

In Germany, particularly in the Rhineland area, the tradition can be traced to medieval times where many countries existed under harsh rules. Kings, princes and even smaller potentates maintained their own courts. In doing so, they flaunted before each other their own pomp and splendor at the expense of their population.

During karneval time, the common people took a chance at 'living it up" and "talking back to their rulers". They would make a mock government of eleven people, as well as other officials. A price and princess were selected to rule the country during the Fasching season. Political authorities, high placed persons and sovereigns were the target of ridicule, and featured in humorous and satirical speeches. To avoid persecution and punishment, these antics were played out from behind masks and costumes. Parades, dancing in the streets, masquerade balls and comical skits filled the days and nights.

MARDI GRAS

The terms "Mardi Gras" , "Mardi Gras season", and "Carnival season", in English, refer to events of the carnival celebrations, beginning on or after Epiphany and culminating on the day before Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras is French for "Fat Tuesday" (in ethnic English tradition, Shrove Tuesday), referring to the practice of the last night of eating richer, fatty foods before the ritual fasting of the Lenten season, which begins on Ash Wednesday. Related popular practices are associated with celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. Popular practices include wearing masks and costumes, overturning social conventions, dancing, sports competitions, parades, etc. Similar expressions to Mardi Gras appear in other European languages sharing the Christian tradition. In English, the day is called Shrove Tuesday, associated with the religious requirement for confession before Lent begins.

In many areas, the term "Mardi Gras" has come to mean the whole period of activity related to the celebratory events, beyond just the single day. In some US cities, it is now called "Mardi Gras Day" or "Fat Tuesday". The festival season varies from city to city, as some traditions consider Mardi Gras the entire period between Epiphany or Twelfth Night and Ash Wednesday. Others treat the final three-day period before Ash Wednesday as the Mardi Gras. In Mobile,Alabama, Mardi Gras-associated social events begin in November, followed by mystic society balls on Thanksgiving, then New Year's Eve, followed by parades and balls in January and February, celebrating up to midnight before Ash Wednesday. In earlier times parades were held on New Year's Day. Other cities famous for Mardi Gras celebrations include Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Barranquilla, Colombia, Sydney, Australia, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Quebec city, Canada; Mazatlan, Sinaloa in Mexico; and New Orleans,Louisiana, United States.

Carnival is an important celebration in Catholic European nations. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the week before Ash Wednesday is called "shrovetide", ending on Shrove Tuesday. It has its popular celebratory aspects as well. Pancakes are a traditional food. Pancakes and related fried breads or pastries made with sugar, fat and eggs are also traditionally consumed at this time in many parts of Latin America and the Caribbean.

OBON

Obon or just Bon is a Japanese Buddist custom to honor the departed (deceased)spirits of one's ancestors. This Buddhist custom has evolved into a family renion holiday during which people return to ancestral family places and visit and clean their ancestors' graves, and when the spirits of ancestors are supposed to revisit the household altars. It has been celebrated in Japan for more than 500 years and traditionally includes a dance, known as Bon-Odori.

The festival of Obon lasts for three days; however its starting date varies within different regions of Japan. When the lunar calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar at the beginning of theMeiji era, the localities in Japan reacted differently and this resulted in three different times of Obon. "Shichigatsu Bon" (Bon in July) is based on the solar calendar and is celebrated around 15 July in eastern Japan (Kanto: areas such as Tokyo,Yokohama and the Tohoku region), coinciding with Chugen. "Hachigatsu Bon" (Bon in August) is based on the solar calendar, is celebrated around the 15th of August and is the most commonly celebrated time. "Kyu Bon" (Old Bon) is celebrated on the 15th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, and so differs each year. "Kyu Bon" is celebrated in areas like the northern part of the Kanto region,Chukoku,Shikoku, and the Southwestern islands. These three days are not listed as public holidays but it is customary that people are given leave.

INTI RAYMI

The Inti Raymi ("Festival of the Sun") was a religious ceremony of the Inca Empire in honor of the god Inti, one of the most venerated gods in Inca religion. According to chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega, Sapa Inca Parchacuti created the Inti Raymi to celebrate the winter solstice and a new year in the Andes of the Southern Hemisphere. Since 1944, a theatrical representation of the Inti Raymi has been taking place at Sacsayhuaman (two km. from Cusco) on June 24 of each year, attracting thousands of tourist and local visitors.

During the Inca Empire, the Inti Raymi was the most important of four ceremonies celebrated in Cusco, as related by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. The celebration took place in the Haukaypata or the main plaza in the city. The ceremony was also said to indicate the mythical origin of the Incas, lasting nine days of colorful dances and processions, as well as animal sacrifices to ensure a good cropping season. The last Inti Raymi with the Inca Emperor's presence was carried out in 1535, after which the Spanish concquest and the Catholic Church suppressed it. Some natives participated in similar ceremonies in the years after, but it was completely prohibited in 1572 by the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, who claimed it was a pagan ceremony opposed to the Catholic faith.

In 1944, a historical reconstruction of the Inti Raymi was directed by Faustino Espinoza Navarro and indigenous actors. The first reconstruction was largely based on the chronicles of Garcilaso de la Vega and only referred to the religious ceremony.

SONGKRAN

The Songkran festival is celebrated in Thailand as the traditional New Year's Day from 13 to 15 April. It coincides with the New Year of many calendars of South and Southest Asia.

The date of the festival was originally set by astrological calculation, but it is now fixed. If these days fall on a weekend, the missed days off are taken on the weekdays immediately following. If they fall in the middle of the week, many Thai take off from the previous Friday until the following Monday. Songkran falls in the hottest time of the year in Thailand, at the end of the dry season. Until 1888 the Thai New Year was the beginning of the year in Thailand; thereafter 1 April was used until 1940. 1 January is now the beginning of the year. The traditional Thai New Year has been a national holiday since then.

Songkran has traditionally been celebrated as the New Year for many centuries, and is believed to have been adapted from an Indian festival. It is now observed nationwide, even in the far south. However, the most famous Songkran celebrations are still in the northern city of Chiang Mai, where it continues for six days and even longer. It has also become a party for foreigners and an additional reason for many to visit Thailand for immersion in another culture.

festival in malaysia

Malaysia has several really interesting festivals and when you travel around,

make sure you get the dates of some of the festivals so you can enjoy them to the fullest.Although Malaysia is a Muslim country it is tolerant to other religions.While you travelling in Malaysia,it is very well possible you will join in one or another festival.There are many festival in Malaysia like Hari Raya Aidilfitri,Hari Raya Haji,Happy deepavali,Chinese New year and many more.

Hari Raya Aidilfitri celebrated on 1 Syawal.The festival is also known as Hari Raya Puasa,Hari Raya Fitrah and Hari Lebaran.The festival is celebrated by muslims around the world to mark the end of Ramadhan which muslims had to undergo rituals of fasting to diligently.We can find the beginning of this festivals in two ways,namely 'rukyah'(see the moon) or a measure (count).If the rukyah,when the moon appears,this marked the beginning of the month of Syawal.In Malaysia,the moon will be observed by the officer on duty in the afternoon till dusk in a few stratergic places.Well knownsymbol of the festive is 'ketupat'.Ketupat is a special blend that is still served today.Ketupat is the steamed rice in coconut leaves woven or Palas leaves and often serves with rendang.The other which includes bamboo cylinder,rice cake,dodoland kuih raya.The traditional costume of Hari Raya is 'Baju Melayu' that worn by men in malaysia.The clothes is equipped with a 'songkok' and embroidered on the waist circumference.Women wear Baju Kurung and Baju Kebaya.

In Malaysia, Deepavali is celebrated on the seventh month ofHindu solar calendar and made a federal holiday in the morningMalaysia.Pada Deepavali, Hindus will undergo a bath oil that symbolizes the cleansing of body and spirit. After purificationupucara symbolizing a new beginning, Hindus would visit theshrine where the statue of Hindu god is garlanded with a garlandbunga.Pada front of the house of the hindu decorative "ponds",delicate floral decorations drawn on the ground that are usuallymade ​​from grains of various colors will be placed. Ornamental"pool" is a symbol of worship of the god Lakshmi, the Goddess ofWealth is believed to visit their homes with decorative "pond" infront of the house. "pool" is a religious ceremony for the devoteesHindu.Hari also known as Deepavali and Divali Diwali is a festivalcelebrated by all Hindu devoteesacross the the world and is aholiday in Malaysia.Perayaan Deepavali is celebrated on the 14th day of the calendar month in Tamil Aipasi ( between October andNovember )and is also known as the festival is markedcahaya.Perayaan the victory of good against evil forces, and thedismantling of spiritual darkness. Symbolically, Deepavali marks the return of the spirit of goodwill and faith after a long hiatus, astold in the Ramayana.

Chinese New Year is the most important festivals to celebrate the Chinese New Year in Chinese lunar calendar. Chinese lunarcalendar is divided into cycles of 12 years and was named after the Chinese New haiwan.Tahun symbolizes the beginning, the starting point in the fate and life. Before the day of the new yearbegins, relatives far away will come back together. House iscleaned and all debts collected or paid for them are not alwayssurrounded by a new debt during the year. Burned firecrackers at midnight to mark the beginning of a new year and to repel thegnome and the bad luck. The houses are decorated with orangeas a symbol of cheap food, flowers and lemon trees.Chinese New Year is celebrated with a dinner and cake basketsyee sang. Families will eat traditional dishes such as large duck,smoked meats, sausages, sticky rice cakes, and oranges. Young people will be visiting the elderly and receive ang pau money in a red envelope to symbolize good fortune, which is given by thefamilies of those who are still unmarried. Dragon or lion danceparade will be held, with floats, accompanied by the sound of drums. Fifteen days after the Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year celebration of Chap Goh terminated with a preferredMei.Pemakaian red color is often used during Chinese New Yearbecause red is believed to frighten evil spirits and bad luck.Additionally, those who wear new clothes from head to toe in turn symbolizes a new beginning in the new year.

Festival in Malaysia is a very interesting festival because it can be observed by anyone even though of different races and religions, but must have limitations that must be maintained and respected so that the festival is celebrated to be well received by all of society.This can strengthen the spirit of national unity in Malaysia. festivalsin Malaysia to become an example to other countries as well as topromote the country internationally.

main character of ella echanted

Ella given a gift of obedience,which turn out to be a curse because Ella will do anything that she is told to do.Ella loses her mother at young age and is left by her father at the mercy of her evil stepmother and stepsisters.Ella refuses to obey to fate's ill treatment of her instead,she struggles to fight her injustices by her wit,intelligence,and determination.Ella's ability to sacrifice her happiness for the sake of her loved ones make her character shine through.Mandy, her cook and fairy godmother, gives Ella her mother's necklace and a magic book. Ella can read a story and when she closes the book another story appears.Ella has a new friend named Areida. .Ella free from the spell when she accept Char's hand in marriage because she want to,and they live happily together.